- The internal heat of the Earth as the cause behind the internal geomorphological changes.
- Basic internal geomorphological processes: volcanism and seismicity: elements and main features.
- The Continental Drift theory.
- The tectonic plates: concept, movement, types and main plates.
- Divergent tectonic boundaries: causes, occurrence, examples and geological features.
- Convergent tectonic boundaries: types, causes, occurrence, examples and geological features.
- Transform tectonic boundaries: causes, occurrence, examples and geological features.
- Igneous rocks.
- Metamorphic rocks.
- Geological risks related to the internal activity of the Earth: risk areas; preventing and measuring earthquakes.
Earthquakes in Geography4kids.
What, why and how of the earthquakes.
The basic scientific facts behind the earthquakes.
A very comprehensive review on earthquakes, from their causes to their effects. With photos and a video.
Massive earthquake hits Japan.
An 8.9-magnitude earthquake hit off the east coast of Japan on 11 March 2011. The quake, one of the largest in History, triggered a 10 meter tall tsunami that battered Japan's coast, killing thousands and sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, and boats.
Google Map that shows the magnitude and depth of each recorded Japanese quake since March 11th, 2011. The size of the displayed polygons reflects the magnitude of each individual earthquake and its colour reflects the depth.
Euro-Mediterranean Seismological Centre.
This site will tell you about the last earthquakes that have taken place in our planet.
Types and structure; the lava and its flow.
An easy to understand on-line book by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Nyiragongo crater: journey to the center of the world.
Stunning photo set taken by a team of scientists who stepped onto the shore of the lava lake boiling in the depths of Nyiragongo Crater, in the Great Lakes region of Africa.
Excellent lesson on plate tectonics with interactive activities and good coverage of the following topics: Earth's structure, plate tectonics and plate boundaries.
Structure of the Geosphere in Geography4kids.
Learn how the Geosphere is structured by density; know the name of some of its parts and forms.
Tectonic plates in Geography4kids.
What are they and how do they behave.
A simple starting point for exploring plate tectonics.
A comprehensive on-line book by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The Earth in 250 million years.
Have a look at the state of the continents in 250 my time.
Tectonic plates and plate boundaries.
Google Earth's file showing the locations of the plates and their boundaries in the Earth's crust.
Types of rocks in Geography4kids.
Learn the main features of the three types of rocks.
Kilauea
Located in Hawaii, Kīlauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world.
Pillow lavas (I)
Pillow lavas are formed in the sea floor when the erupted rolling lava solidifies only superficially.
Pillow lavas (II)
Watch the different shapes of the pillow lavas near an oceanic hotspot.
The structure of a volcano
Mount Egmont volcano in New Zealand
Cleveland volcano in the Aleutian Islands
Volcanic landscape in Saudi Arabia
Hawaii archipelago
Mons Olympus volcano in Mars
The Pacific Ring of Fire
Map of volcanoes
Map of earthquakes
Map of earthquakes epicenters in the past decades
Quakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench
Types of seismic waves
Diagram of the formation of a tsunami
Water retreatment in the coast of Sri-Lanka before the tsunami
The Himalayas
The opening of the Atlantic Ocean according to Antonio Snider-Pellegrini in 1858
Pangaea
Labelled map of the tectonic plates
Blank map of the tectonic plates
Earth's map showing the oceanic relief
Oceanic relief in the northern Pacific
The structure of a continental margin
Types of tectonic boundaries
Divergent tectonic boundary in Iceland
Divergent tectonic boundary in the Persian Gulf
Convergent tectonic boundary between two continental plates
Convergent tectonic boundary between two continental plates: the Himalayas
Convergent tectonic boundary between an oceanic and a continental plate
Marianas trench
Bathyscaphe Trieste
Convergent tectonic boundary between an oceanic plate and a mixed plate
Transform boundary in the San Andreas fault
